Genotype imputation from low-coverage data for medical and population genetic analyses

Varování

Publikace nespadá pod Filozofickou fakultu, ale pod Středoevropský technologický institut. Oficiální stránka publikace je na webu muni.cz.

Autoři	BIAGINI Simone Andrea BECELAERE Sara AERDEN Mio JATSENKO Tatjana HANNES Laurens PHILIP Van Damme BRECKPOT Jeroen DEVRIENDT Koenraad THIENPONT Bernard VERMEESCH Joris Robert CLEYNEN Isabelle KIVISILD Toomas
Rok publikování	2025
Druh	Článek v odborném periodiku
Časopis / Zdroj	Genome research
Fakulta / Pracoviště MU	Středoevropský technologický institut
Citace
www	https://genome.cshlp.org/content/35/9/1929
Doi	https://doi.org/10.1101/gr.280175.124
Klíčová slova	SEQUENCE; Body Height; Female; Genetics; Population; Genome-Wide Association Study; Genotype; Humans; Multifactorial Inheritance; Polymorphism; Single Nucleotide; Pregnancy
Přiložené soubory	Genome_Res.-2025-Biagini-1929-41.pdf
Popis	Genotype imputation from low-pass sequencing data presents unique opportunities for genomic analyses but comes with specific challenges. In this study, we explore the impact of quality filters on genetic ancestry and Polygenic Score (PGS) estimation after imputing 32,769 low-pass genome-wide sequences (LPS) from noninvasive prenatal screening (NIPS) with an average autosomal sequence depth of similar to 0.15x. In studies involving ultra-low coverage sequences, conventional approaches to secure genotype accuracy may fail, especially when multiple samples are pooled. To enhance the proportion of high-quality genotypes in large data sets, we introduce a filtering approach called GDI that combines genotype probability (GP), alternate allele dosage (DS), and INFO score filters. We demonstrate that the imputation tools QUILT and GLIMPSE2 achieve similar accuracy, which is high enough for broad-scale ancestry mapping but insufficient for high resolution principal component analysis (PCA), when applied without filters. With the GDI approach, we can achieve quality that is adequate for such purposes. Furthermore, we explored the impact of imputation errors, choice of variants, and filtering methods on PGS prediction for height in 1911 subjects with height data. We show that polygenic scores predict 23.7% of variance in height in our imputed data and that, contrary to the effect on PCA, the GDI filter does not improve the performance of PGS in height prediction. These results highlight that imputed LPS data can be leveraged for further biomedical and population genetic use, but there is a need to consider each downstream analysis tool individually for its imputation quality thresholds and filtering requirements.