Rapid single-step upconversion-linked immunosorbent assay for diclofenac

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Authors

HLAVÁČEK Antonín PETEREK Miroslav FARKA Zdeněk MICKERT Matthias J. PRECHTL Leonhard KNOPP Dietmar GORRIS Hans H.

Year of publication 2017
Type Article in Periodical
Magazine / Source Microchimica Acta
MU Faculty or unit

Central European Institute of Technology

Citation
Web https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs00604-017-2456-0
Doi http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00604-017-2456-0
Field Analytic chemistry
Keywords Bioconjugation; Electrophoretic purification; Immunoassay; Luminescence; Pharmaceutical micropollutant; Photon-upconversion
Description The non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and analgesic diclofenac is a common micropollutant in water. A direct competitive upconversion-linked immunosorbent assay (ULISA) for diclofenac has been developed that is based on a nanoparticulate tracer consisting of a NaYF4:Yb,Er core (diameter of ~90 nm, excitation and emission wavelenghts 980 and 535 nm, respectively) enclosed by a carboxylated silica shell and finally coated with diclofenac-conjugated bovine gamma-globulin. The proteinaceous coating prevents non-specific adsorption of the tracer to the microtiter plate and provides a structurally flexible linker for surface-exposed diclofenac to warrant efficient competition with free (analyte) diclofenac in real water samples. The tracer was purified by gel electrophoresis and lyophilized. Both processes have no adverse effects on the immunoassay. All assay components can be stored in a dry state without a cooling chain, and can be reactivated on demand. Hence, this ULISA is well suited for environmental monitoring in low-resource settings. The ULISA has a similar limit of detection (20 pg mL-1; equivalent to 70 pM) as the conventional ELISA, but the time for analysis is reduced to 70 min because no enzymatic amplification steps are involved.
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