Student Assessment in Cybersecurity Training Automated by Pattern Mining and Clustering

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Publikace nespadá pod Filozofickou fakultu, ale pod Ústav výpočetní techniky. Oficiální stránka publikace je na webu muni.cz.
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ŠVÁBENSKÝ Valdemar VYKOPAL Jan ČELEDA Pavel TKÁČIK Kristián POPOVIČ Daniel

Rok publikování 2022
Druh Článek v odborném periodiku
Časopis / Zdroj Education and Information Technologies
Fakulta / Pracoviště MU

Ústav výpočetní techniky

Citace
www Published article in Springer database
Doi http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10639-022-10954-4
Klíčová slova cybersecurity education; security training; data science; educational data mining; learning analytics
Přiložené soubory
Popis Hands-on cybersecurity training allows students and professionals to practice various tools and improve their technical skills. The training occurs in an interactive learning environment that enables completing sophisticated tasks in full-fledged operating systems, networks, and applications. During the training, the learning environment allows collecting data about trainees' interactions with the environment, such as their usage of command-line tools. These data contain patterns indicative of trainees' learning processes, and revealing them allows to assess the trainees and provide feedback to help them learn. However, automated analysis of these data is challenging. The training tasks feature complex problem-solving, and many different solution approaches are possible. Moreover, the trainees generate vast amounts of interaction data. This paper explores a dataset from 18 cybersecurity training sessions using data mining and machine learning techniques. We employed pattern mining and clustering to analyze 8834 commands collected from 113 trainees, revealing their typical behavior, mistakes, solution strategies, and difficult training stages. Pattern mining proved suitable in capturing timing information and tool usage frequency. Clustering underlined that many trainees often face the same issues, which can be addressed by targeted scaffolding. Our results show that data mining methods are suitable for analyzing cybersecurity training data. Educational researchers and practitioners can apply these methods in their contexts to assess trainees, support them, and improve the training design. Artifacts associated with this research are publicly available.
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